北京
抽煙的危害，早已人盡皆知[1-2]
致癌物順著呼吸道進入身體
傷害遍布全身，更會傷害身邊人，簡直要命！
2019 年，約有 130 萬人死于二手煙[3-4]
世界衛(wèi)生組織數(shù)據(jù)庫的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示[5]
都暴露在二手煙的污染下！
簡直無孔不入！！！
馬路、工位、電梯、餐廳、高鐵站臺……
只要有一個人抽煙
煙臭味就會噴薄而出、久久不消散
碰到二手煙，很多人的第一選擇可能是：
立馬憋氣、捂住口鼻、不敢再呼吸
覺得只要不把有害氣體吸入身體里
就能幫自己避開致癌物傷害
但真相是：
當(dāng)你聞到煙味的那一刻，致癌有害物質(zhì)
就已經(jīng)和鼻腔、口腔、呼吸道黏膜接觸了
根本躲不掉
憋氣暫時減少吸入量，卻無法阻止有害物吸收
即使只是短暫接觸二手煙（幾分鐘～幾小時）
哪怕只是吸入了一點點，都會帶來傷害[6]
例如本不吸煙的女性，二手煙會帶來
更高的呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病（尤其是肺癌）風(fēng)險
絕經(jīng)前患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險[7]
憋氣、捂嘴、戴口罩……都擋不住二手煙！
不同類型的口罩濾過率、吸附性差異大
即使能過濾掉煙霧中的 PM 2.5
也過濾不掉煙霧中所有的有毒物質(zhì)[8]
口罩也難以完全密封貼合面部
害人的二手煙總有辦法趁虛而入
更可怕的是
二手煙還會變成三手煙
其中的有毒物質(zhì)
吸附在衣服、頭發(fā)、地板、家具等各種物品上
幾周到幾個月都不會消散
甚至進一步轉(zhuǎn)化成強效致癌的煙草特有亞硝胺[9]
在不經(jīng)意間經(jīng)吸入、攝入、皮膚接觸進入身體
連從不接觸煙草的嬰幼兒，都難逃毒手[10]
嬰幼兒呼吸頻率更快、皮膚更薄、更喜歡把手放在嘴里
更容易被迫攝入有害、致癌物質(zhì)
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：
在不接觸煙草制品的兒童中
95.2% 的手上都檢測到了尼古丁物質(zhì)殘留[11]
在嚴(yán)格禁煙的新生兒重癥監(jiān)護室
有吸煙者探視后
嬰兒尿液中出現(xiàn)了煙草致癌物的代謝產(chǎn)物[12]
這些有害物質(zhì)
會直接或間接攻擊嬰幼兒的生長發(fā)育
影響孩子的體格、認(rèn)知、行為、呼吸系統(tǒng)功能
帶來潛在致癌風(fēng)險……[13-16]
總而言之：
二手煙暴露沒有安全水平，
哪怕一點點都會危害健康
屏住呼吸、戴上口罩，都擋不住傷害
想要避免，唯一有效的辦法就是
??公共環(huán)境中 100% 無煙??
下次碰到二手煙，快跑！
跑得越快、越遠越好！
在公共場所吸煙、散播二手煙，本就不道德
為什么是受害者要「趕緊跑」？？？
公共場所拒絕二手煙
是我們的權(quán)利！
更有法律為我們撐腰！
碰到在公共場所吸煙的人
我們可以勸阻！可以舉報！
勇敢捍衛(wèi)自己的健康！
公共場所吸煙，是不文明行為
更是影響公共健康的行為
對不文明吸煙行為說不
是維護公共環(huán)境和個人健康的合理訴求
新的一年，共同發(fā)聲
創(chuàng)造無煙公共環(huán)境
和丁香一起：讓健康更多，讓生活更好！
本文合作專家
本文審核專家
參考文獻
[1]About Secondhand Smoke | Smoking and Tobacco Use | CDC
[2]Secondhand Tobacco Smoke (Environmental Tobacco Smoke) - Cancer-Causing Substances - NCI
[3]https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco
[4]Flor LS, Anderson JA, Ahmad N, Aravkin A, Carr S, Dai X, Gil GF, Hay SI, Malloy MJ, McLaughlin SA, Mullany EC, Murray CJL, O'Connell EM, Okereke C, Sorensen RJD, Whisnant J, Zheng P, Gakidou E. Author Correction: Health effects associated with exposure to secondhand smoke: a Burden of Proof study. Nat Med. 2024 Apr;30(4):1213. doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-02832-y. Erratum for: Nat Med. 2024 Jan;30(1):149-167. doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02743-4. PMID: 38291302; PMCID: PMC11031388.
[5]Lee S, Son Y, Hong S, Lee M, Kim H, Lee H, Lee H, Lee H, Park J, Dragioti E, Fond G, Boyer L, López Sánchez GF, Tully MA, Rahmati M, Woo S, Yon DK, Smith L. Global trends of secondhand smoke exposure among young adolescents from 27 countries, 2003-2021: findings from the World Health Organization database. Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 30;14(1):29798.
[6]Barnoya J, Glantz SA. Cardiovascular effects of secondhand smoke: nearly as large as smoking. Circulation. 2005 May 24;111(20):2684-98. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.492215. PMID: 15911719.
[7]Greaves LJ, Hemsing NJ. Sex, gender, and secondhand smoke policies: implications for disadvantaged women. Am J Prev Med. 2009 Aug;37(2 Suppl):S131-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.05.012. PMID: 19591752.
[8]Guo W, Yu JZ, Chan W. Face Mask as a Versatile Sampling Device for the Assessment of Personal Exposure to 54 Toxic Compounds in Environmental Tobacco Smoke. Chem Res Toxicol. 2023 Jul 17;36(7):1140-1150. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00114. Epub 2023 Jul 5. PMID: 37406339.
[9]Sleiman M, Gundel LA, Pankow JF, Jacob P 3rd, Singer BC, Destaillats H. Formation of carcinogens indoors by surface-mediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Apr 13;107(15):6576-81. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0912820107. Epub 2010 Feb 8. PMID: 20142504; PMCID: PMC2872399.
[10]Drehmer JE, Ossip DJ, Nabi-Burza E, Rigotti NA, Hipple B, Woo H, Chang Y, Winickoff JP. Thirdhand smoke beliefs of parents. Pediatrics. 2014 Apr;133(4):e850-6. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-3392. Epub 2014 Mar 3. PMID: 24590745; PMCID: PMC3966506.
[11]Matt GE, Merianos AL, Quintana PJE, Hoh E, Dodder NG, Mahabee-Gittens EM. Prevalence and Income-Related Disparities in Thirdhand Smoke Exposure to Children. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Feb 1;5(2):e2147184. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47184. PMID: 35129597; PMCID: PMC8822372.
[12]Northrup TF, Khan AM, Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz NL, Hoh E, Hovell MF, Matt GE, Stotts AL. Thirdhand smoke contamination in hospital settings: assessing exposure risk for vulnerable paediatric patients. Tob Control. 2016 Nov;25(6):619-623. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052506. Epub 2015 Dec 3. PMID: 26635031; PMCID: PMC4893002.
[13]Yang L, Sato M, Saito-Abe M, Miyaji Y, Sato C, Nishizato M, Kumasaka N, Mezawa H, Yamamoto-Hanada K, Ohya Y. Smoking Exposure Is Associated with Serum Vitamin D Deficiency in Children: Evidence from the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Nutrients. 2022 Jul 29;14(15):3121. doi: 10.3390/nu14153121. PMID: 35956297; PMCID: PMC9370804.
[14]Hampl S E, Hassink S G, Skinner A C, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity[J]. Pediatrics, 2023, 151(2).
[15]Oh K, Xu Y, Terrizzi BF, Lanphear B, Chen A, Kalkbrenner AE, Yolton K. Associations Between Early Low-Level Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Executive Function at Age 8 Years. J Pediatr. 2020 Jun;221:174-180.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.11.032. Epub 2020 Jan 16. PMID: 31955878; PMCID: PMC7249348.
[16]Daly JB, Mackenzie LJ, Freund M, Wolfenden L, Roseby R, Wiggers JH. Interventions by Health Care Professionals Who Provide Routine Child Health Care to Reduce Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Children: A Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2016 Feb;170(2):138-47. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.3342. PMID: 26719991.
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