十六唐吟頌國(guó)色 一箋芳艷傳五洲:《全唐詩》詠牡丹詩英譯專輯

牡丹百花叢中最鮮艷，是富貴吉祥的化身?：牡丹因其花大色艷、雍容華貴，自古被視為“富貴花”，是唐詩中經(jīng)典的吟詠意象。牡丹花有“百花之王”、“國(guó)色天香”的美譽(yù)?，在傳統(tǒng)花文化中享有至尊地位?，乃至成為描摹盛世氣象的經(jīng)典詞匯?。在文化出海的今天，國(guó)色天香的牡丹文化，更是中華文化對(duì)外傳播的靚麗名片。今甄選十六首唐代詠牡丹名篇，品讀詩行間的群芳之美，賞千古國(guó)色的絕代風(fēng)華。

1.《賞牡丹》

唐?劉禹錫

庭前芍藥妖無格，池上芙蕖凈少情。

唯有牡丹真國(guó)色，花開時(shí)節(jié)動(dòng)京城。

Admiring Peonies

By Liu Yuxi (Tang Dynasty)

Translated by Wang Yongli

In the yard, the herbaceous peony is flashy yet devoid ofgrace;
By the pond, the lotus stands pure but cold of face.
Only the tree peony bears the true national hue,
When it blooms, it stirs the capital through and through.

2.《紅牡丹》

唐?王維

綠艷閑且靜，紅衣淺復(fù)深。

花心愁欲斷，春色豈知心。

Red Peony

By Wang Wei (Tang Dynasty)

Translated by Wang Yongli

Green leaves stand calm in gentle quiet grace,

Red petals blend in hues of light and lace.

Its heart is torn with melancholy sore;

Can spring’s bright glow such hidden grief explore?

3.《戲題牡丹》

唐?韓愈

幸自同開俱隱映，何須相倚斗輕盈。

陵晨并作新妝面，對(duì)客偏含不語情。

雙燕無機(jī)還拂掠，游蜂多思正經(jīng)營(yíng)。

長(zhǎng)年是事皆拋盡，今日欄邊暫眼明。

Playful Ode to Peonies

By Han Yu (Tang Dynasty)

Translated by Wang Yongli

They bloom together, half veiled from sight,

No need to vie in grace or airy light.

At dawn they don new make-up side by side,

To guests they hold a wordless tender tide.

Two swallows glide, no craft in their free flight;

Bees linger long, to seek sweet nectar’sdelight.

I cast all worldly cares far from my breast;

By rail today, my eyes find joy and rest.

4. 《牡丹》

唐?韓琮

桃時(shí)杏日不爭(zhēng)濃，葉帳陰成始放紅。

曉艷遠(yuǎn)分金掌露，暮香深惹玉堂風(fēng)。

名移蘭杜千年后，貴擅笙歌百醉中。

如夢(mèng)如仙忽零落，暮霞何處綠屏空。

Peony

By Han Cong (Tang Dynasty)

Translated by Wang Yongli

It vies not with peach and apricot’s bright show;

Till leaves weave shade, it blooms in crimson glow.

At dawn it holds the dew from golden tray,

At dusk its scent drifts through the hall’s soft sway.

Its fame outshines orchid through thousand years,

Mid feast and song, its noble charm appears.

Like dream, like fairy, blooms soon fade away;

Green screens stand empty ’neath the evening ray.

5.《牡丹》

唐?徐凝

何人不愛牡丹花，占斷城中好物華。

疑是洛川神女作，千嬌萬態(tài)破朝霞。

Peony

By Xu Ning (Tang Dynasty)

Translated by Wang Yongli

Who would not praise the peony’s glorious bloom?

It outshines all fair blooms within the town’swide room.

It looks the work of Luo River’s goddess fair,

Whose myriad graces outshine morning’sglow in air.

Note: Luo River’s goddess is the legendary goddess, namely Mifei, from Cao Zhi’s Ode to the Goddess of the LuoRiver. (傳說中的洛水女神，即宓妃,源自曹植《洛神賦》)

6.《惜牡丹花》

唐?白居易

惆悵階前紅牡丹，晚來唯有兩枝殘。

明朝風(fēng)起應(yīng)吹盡，夜惜衰紅把火看。

Lament for Fading Peonies

By Bai Juyi (Tang Dynasty)

Translated by Wang Yongli

I grieve for peonies before the steps in view;

At dusk but two withered blooms remain in view.

Tomorrow wind will sweep all blooms away;

I hold a torch to watch their fading ray.

7. 《牡丹詩》

唐?李正封

國(guó)色朝酣酒，天香夜染衣。

The Peony

By Li Zhengfeng / Tr. Wang Yongli

Drunk with morning wine, a realm's beauty she displays;

Her heavenly scent at night dyes robes in fragrant ways.

8、《牡丹》

唐?皮日休

落盡殘紅始吐芳，佳名喚作百花王。

競(jìng)夸天下無雙艷，獨(dú)立人間第一香。

The Sovereign Peony

By Pi Rixiu

Translated by Wang Yongli

When all the fading reds have fallen from sight,

Then blooms the King of Flowers in her might.

The world vies to praise her unmatched hue—

Alone she stands, first fragrance on earth true.

9.《杭州開元寺牡丹》

唐?張祜

濃艷初開小藥欄，人人惆悵出長(zhǎng)安。

風(fēng)流卻是錢塘寺，不踏紅塵見牡丹。

Peonies at Kaiyuan Temple, Hangzhou

By Zhang Hu (Tang Dynasty)

Translated by Wang Yongli

Bright blooms unfold above the herb bed mound;

From Chang’an folk depart with wistful mood.

This Qiantang temple holds the finest grace:

Peonies bloom apart from mortal trace.

10.《白牡丹》

唐?裴潾

長(zhǎng)安豪貴惜春殘，爭(zhēng)賞先開紫牡丹。

別有玉盤承露冷，無人起就月中看。

White Peony

By Pei Lin (Tang Dynasty)

Translated by Wang Yongli

The rich in Chang’an mourn spring’s fading hour,

And crowd to view the purple peony flower.

A white bloom like jade plate bears cold dew’sglow;

None come to gaze beneath the moon’ssoft bow.

11.《思黯南墅賞牡丹》

唐?劉禹錫

偶然相遇人間世，合在增城阿姥家。

有此傾城好顏色，天教晚發(fā)賽諸花。

Admiring Peonies at Si’an’s Villa

By Liu Yuxi (Tang Dynasty)

Translated by Wang Yongli

By chance I meet such blooms in mortal land;

They belong to goddess' realm on fairy strand.

With beauty that could turn the whole world’s eye,

Late-blooming, they all other flowers outvie.

Note: goddess' realm refer to the QueenMother of the West who lives at Zengcheng, the fairy city on Kunlun Mountain.(仙女之境，“增城”為昆侖山上的仙城，“阿姥”指西王母)

12.《牡丹花》

唐?羅隱

似共東風(fēng)別有因，絳羅高卷不勝春。

若教解語應(yīng)傾國(guó)，任是無情亦動(dòng)人。

芍藥與君為近侍，芙蓉何處避芳?jí)m。

可憐韓令功成后，辜負(fù)秾華過此身。

Peony Blossoms

By Luo Yin (Tang Dynasty)

Translated by Wang Yongli

Bound with the vernal wind by hidden tie,

Red robes unfurl to drink spring’s ecstasy.

Could it speak words, it’d charm the royal court;

Though heartless, its grace steals every heart’sresort.

Herbaceous peonies stand as maids aside,

But where can the lotus from its fragrant dust hide?

Lord Han, your glory won in days gone by—

You let such splendid bloom pass you goodbye.

13.《牡丹二首·其一》

唐?溫庭筠

輕陰隔翠幃，宿雨泣晴暉。

醉后佳期在，歌馀舊意非。

蝶繁經(jīng)粉住，蜂重抱香歸。

莫惜薰?fàn)t夜，因風(fēng)到舞衣。

Peonies (I)

By Wen Tingyun (Tang Dynasty)

Translated by Wang Yongli

Thin shade veils green curtains all around;

Last night’s rain weeps beneath bright sunnyground.

Joy lingers on when feast and wine subside,

Old fondness fades when songs no longer bide.

Butterflies stay where pollen floats around,

Bees bear sweet fragrance homeward, heavy-bound.

Burn incense through the long and silent night;

Its breath shall drift to dancer’s gown in flight.

14.《牡丹》

唐?薛能

去年零落暮春時(shí)，淚濕紅箋怨別離。

常恐便隨巫峽散，何因重有武陵期。

傳情每向馨香得，不語還應(yīng)彼此知。

欲就欄邊安枕席，夜深閑共說相思。

Peony

By Xue Neng (Tang Dynasty)

Translated by Wang Yongli

Last spring its blooms fell ’mid the fading hour;

I wet red notes with tears for parted flower.

I feared its grace would vanish like Wuxia’sdream,

Yet now once more we meet as in Wuling’sstream.

Its fragrance bears the love my heart would send;

Though mute, two souls each other comprehend.

I’d lay a mat beside the rail’s tall frame,

To whisper love till late within the flame.

15.《紅白牡丹》

唐?吳融

不必繁弦不必歌，情中相對(duì)更情多。

殷鮮一半霞分綺，潔澈旁邊月飐波。

看久愿成莊叟夢(mèng)，惜留須待魯陽戈。

重來應(yīng)共今來別，風(fēng)墮香殘襯綠莎。

Red and White Peonies

By Wu Rong (Tang Dynasty)

Translated by Wang Yongli

No need for music, no need for songs to sing;

Face bloom to bloom, more love the heart can bring.

Red glows like rosy clouds in woven dye,

White shimmers like the moon on rippling tide.

Long gazing lost in Zhuangzi’s dreaming sphere;

To stay their bloom, I’d wield Duke Luyang’s Spear.

We part today, and meet in days ahead;

Fallen blooms and scent rest on green grass bed.

Note: 1. Zhuangzi Dreaming of aButterfly" originates from "Zhuangzi·On the Equality of Things",refer to a wonderful dream, or to metaphorically indicate the impermanence oflife.(莊周夢(mèng)蝶，語出戰(zhàn)國(guó)·莊周《莊子·齊物論》。借指奇妙的夢(mèng)境，或以此比喻人生變幻無常。)

2.Duke Luyang, a noble of the Zhou Dynasty, was said to havebrandished his spear to halt the setting sun, symbolizing the power to reversefate and hold back time.（注：周朝貴族魯陽公據(jù)說曾揮舞長(zhǎng)矛阻止夕陽西下，象征著扭轉(zhuǎn)命運(yùn)、逆轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)光的力量。）

《牡丹》

唐?李商隱

錦幃初卷衛(wèi)夫人，繡被猶堆越鄂君。

垂手亂翻雕玉佩，招腰爭(zhēng)舞郁金裙。

石家蠟燭何曾剪，荀令香爐可待熏。

我是夢(mèng)中傳彩筆，欲書花葉寄朝云。

Peony

By Li Shangyin (Tang Dynasty)

Translated by Wang Yongli

Like Madam Wei behind brocade drawn wide,

Or Lord E’jun ’neath embroidered covertied.

Their swaying blooms jostle carved jade’ssoft chime,

Like dancers fair who show theirtulip-gowned prime.

Rich candles burn untrimmed as Shi’s oldfame;

Incense from Xun’s censer breathes itsfragrant flame.

A magic brush bestowed in dream I hold,

To write on blooms for morning clouduntold.

Note: Madame Wei Nanzi: the wife of DukeLing of Wei during the Spring and Autumn Period, was renowned for her beauty.According to "Dianlue": when Confucius returned to the state of Wei,he was received by Nanzi behind a brocade curtain, and Confucius bowednorthward. Nanzi responded from behind the curtain, with the sound of her jadeand pearl ornaments echoing.(衛(wèi)夫人：春秋時(shí)衛(wèi)靈公的夫人南子，以美艷著稱。《典略》載，孔子回到衛(wèi)國(guó)，受到南子接見。南子在錦帷中，孔子北面稽首，南子在帷中回拜，環(huán)佩之聲璆然。)

此十六首牡丹詩英譯，以“信達(dá)雅”為綱，兼顧“功能對(duì)等”之旨。譯者于意象處求“達(dá)”——如“庭前芍藥妖無格”，譯為 In the yard, the herbaceous peony is flashyyet devoid of grace;其中devoid of grace 精準(zhǔn)對(duì)應(yīng)“無格”，直指花木缺少風(fēng)雅氣韻，貼合古典品評(píng)花木的措辭，文學(xué)感更強(qiáng)。“動(dòng)京城”譯為“stir”驚動(dòng)、撼動(dòng)，力度比 move 更強(qiáng)；through and through 全城上下、徹徹底底，層層渲染萬人轟動(dòng)的盛況，韻律綿長(zhǎng)。非字面直譯，而取文化等效，使英語讀者感知其至尊地位。于典故處施“異化”——如“莊周夢(mèng)蝶”“衛(wèi)夫人”“魯陽戈”均保留專名并輔以尾注，不削足適履，以存東方典故之原味。同時(shí)，于韻律節(jié)奏則行“歸化”之法，采用英語傳統(tǒng)格律詩體（抑揚(yáng)格與尾韻），朗朗上口，不因“異”而失其“詩”。全帙以“功能對(duì)等”為尺，力求譯文在英語文化中激發(fā)與原詩在漢語中相近的審美體驗(yàn)——牡丹之秾艷、惜花之惆悵、盛世之氣象。

綜上，以信達(dá)雅之筆完成英譯，讓唐詩里的牡丹芳華跨越語言阻隔。讓國(guó)色天香的文化融合詩意，讓古典牡丹文化走向世界，更讓這份東方雅韻浸潤(rùn)四海人心，代代相傳。（王永利）